PhD in Biophysics from Stanford University, Stanford, CA (1996-2002).
Dissertation: A Knowledge-Based System for Macromolecular Model Building and Evaluation.
SB in Biology from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (1989-1993).



Research scientist in the Department of Genetics at Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (2002-present). Scientific curator of the PharmGKB database.

Graduate Student, Biophysics Program, Stanford University. Advisor: Russ Altman, MD, PhD (1997-2002).
Projects:
Thesis work - design and development of the infrastructure of the RiboWeb system. Programmed a package of computational tools, using CGI scripting and Perl, enabling users to build and evaluate ribosomal models with structural and experimental data. Designed queries to the supporting knowledge base containing all data to answer user questions and recorded user-created data back to the knowledge base. Designed user interfaces for the RiboWeb system. Used this system to perform experiments such as the comparison of ribosomal biochemical experimental results to crystal structures. (1998-2002)
Modeled A and P site tRNA positioning in the ribosome from structural data obtained by collaborators at UCSC (Noller lab) from directed hydroxyl radical experiments and previously published fluorescence energy transfer experimental data using a probabilistic least squares algorithm and a distance geometry algorithm. (1998-1999)
Used Vxtreme video streaming software technology to post a Stanford course (MIS214: Representations and Algorithms for Computational Molecular Biology) online and developed interactive aspects to personalize course work for different types of students (computer science, biology, industry, refresher course, to update knowledge, etc.). (1997-1998)
Analyzed success of protein threading algorithms using FEATURE - a scoring function developed in the lab that evaluates molecular environments within a protein and compares it to environments of other proteins in the same fold family. (1997)

Research assistant in the lab of Thomas Rando, MD, PhD in the Department of Neurology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA (1995-1996). Evaluated oxidative stress in the muscle of the mouse model for muscular dystrophy using gel electrophoresis/Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation.
Research assistant in the lab of Marion Smith, PhD in the Department of Neurology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA (1995). Analyzed the biochemistry of macrophages and microglia in the rat model of multiple sclerosis using mammalian cell culture, chromatography and Northern and Southern blot analysis.
Research assistant and teaching assistant in the Department of Zoology, Auburn University (fall 1994). Identified familial relations of endangered beach mice by micro-satellite analysis; taught Physiology lab.
Research assistant working with David A. Roth, MD in the laboratory of Barbara Furie, PhD, Division of Hematology/Oncology, New England Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (1993-1994). Located functional domains of Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase with site-directed mutagenesis, DNA isolation/sequencing, restriction enzyme analysis, mammalian cell culture, protein expression and functional assays.
Undergraduate research student, Department of Biology, MIT (spring 1993). Searched for genetic homology between Drosophila species in biology project lab.
Research student working with John Stegeman, PhD, in the Department of Biochemistry at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA (summer 1992). Analyzed levels of P450 in various species of fish mainly by gel electrophoresis/Western blot techniques, finding fish from contaminated waters contained higher levels of the protein.




Whirl-Carrillo M, Gabashvili IS, Bada M, Banatao RD, Altman RB (2002). Mining biochemical information: lessons taught by the ribosome. RNA, v8: 279-89.
Joseph S, Whirl ML, Kondo D, Noller HF, Altman RB (2000). Calculation of the relative geometry of tRNAs in the ribosome from directed hydroxyl-radical probing data. RNA, v6(2):220-32.
Altman RB, Bada M, Chai XJ, Carillo [sic] MW, Chen RO, Abernethy NF (1999). RiboWeb: an ontology-based system for collaborative molecular biology. IEEE Intelligent Systems and Their Applications, v14(5): 68-76.
Disatnik MH, Dhawan J, Yu Y, Beal MF, Whirl MM [sic], Franco AA, Rando TA (1998). Evidence of oxidative stress in mdx mouse muscle: studies of the pre-necrotic state. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, v161(1):77-84.
Altman RB, Whirl M, Waugh A, Wei L, Chang J (1997). A paradox for threading: scoring functions sensitive to alignment error have a more difficult search. Section on Medical Informatics Technical Report, SMI-97-0682.
Roth DA, Whirl ML, Velazquez-Estades LJ, Walsh CT, Furie B, Furie, BC (1995). Mutagenesis of Vitamin K-dependent Carboxylase Demonstrates a Carboxy-Terminus Mediated Interaction with Vitamin K Hydroquinone. Journal of Biological Chemistry, v270(10):5303-11.
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